Nokuba yimpuku yerobhothi encinci okanye fan encinci yombane ye-IoT, ukwazi ukulawula izinto ngemoto yeDC eneumatshini wezixhoboivula iiprojekthi ezininzi zokuyila ze-DIY ukuze uhlale uxakekile.Kule tutorial, sisebenzisa ila38umlawuli wemoto kwi-aumatshini wezixhoboukwenza amandla kunye nokujikeleza iperi yeemoto zeDC!
Ila38Imodyuli yoMlawuli weMoto yibhodi enceda i-microcontrollers kunye ne-microprocessors ezifana neumatshini wezixhoboamandla DC motors ezifuna ngaphezu 3.3V okanye 5V.
Isebenzisa ila38I-IC ukunika amandla yonke ingqiqo kunye nolawulo lwamandla olufunekayo ukuqalisa injini kunye nokwahlulaumatshini wezixhoboukusuka kumandla ombane aphezulu asetyenziswa kwimoto yeDC.
Ila38Imodyuli ngoyena mlawuli wemoto kwikhithi yerobhothi yabaqalayo kuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Ineentloko ze-pin apho unokufaka khona izijumpi ukuze uzidibanise ngaphandle komthungo neyakhoumatshini wezixhobo.Unokukhawulezisa okanye ucothise imotor ngokusebenzisa i-pulse-width modulation (PWM) uphawu kwiphini layo lokuvumela.Indawo yokukhwelela.
Ngemimiselo yokubayangokus, ila38yiphezulu yangoku.Ngokwenene yi-a10 amp yangokus equlathe iinjini ezineiiswitshi zombane zomzuzwana uqhagamshelwano.Oku kukuvumela ukuba usete ulwalathiso lwangoku ngaphandle kokudibanisa injini kwakhona.Ukutshintsha indlela yangoku kwibhulorho ye-H iphinda itshintshe indlela yokujikeleza kwemoto.I-la38 inezonxibelelwano ezimbini zokulawula kubo, ekuvumela ukuba ulawule iperi yeenjini ngokuzimeleyo.Ukuba umtsha kwinkqubo yePython, ungaphoswa zezi ziluncedo zePython-liners.
Ngexesha loop, izikhonkwane eziKhohlo Phambili naPhambili zivula kuqala isekhondi enye.Ukulawula isantya, tshintsha umjikelo wokuvula imveliso.Okokuqala uzibeke kumjikelo we-100% wemisebenzi isekhondi enye, uze uwubeke kuma-50%.Umjikelo womsebenzi we-100% uya kuqhuba iinjini ngesantya esiphezulu, ngelixa umjikelo we-50% uya kubaleka ngesantya esisisiqingatha.
Yigcine njenge-“rpi-dcmotor.py” okanye naliphi na elinye igama lefayile ukuba iphela “.py” esongezo.Emva koko cima eyakhoumatshini wezixhobo.
PHAWULA.Ezi zikhonkwane ze-jumper ngokuzenzekelayo zidibanisa i-EN pin ukuya kwi-5V, "ikuvumela" ukuba ulawuleyangokunge-IN pin.Ngelixa kusafuneka unikeze amandla ngale pin, i-5V inokubangela iingxaki kwiumatshini wezixhobonjengoko kufanele ukuba isebenzise i-3.3V endaweni ye-5V.Kwakhona, ukudibanisa ezi zikhonkwane kwiumatshini wezixhoboiya kukuvumela ukuba ulawule isantya seenjini kamva..
Ingcebiso: Ukufumana ukuba iphi inombolo ye-pin ekuweumatshini wezixhobo, yibambe ukuze izikhonkwane zeGPIO zibe ngasekunene.Ezi ziingceba zentsimbi ezincinci ezihleli kwitreyi emnyama.Ke ukuba ujonge iphini elingasentla ekhohlo ukusuka kula tray, ngu 1. Ekunene kwalo ngu pin 2. Phantsi kwe pin 1 ngu pin 3, njalo njalo.
PHAWULA.Uninzi lweenjini ze-DC azidli ngokuba neengcingo ze-solder.Unokuzithengisa ngokwakho.Nayiphi na igeyiji iya kusebenza, kodwa ucingo lobhedu oluxineneyo lusebenza ngcono.
Uyakwazi ukuqhuba ikhowudi ngokusebenzisa iscript kwi-terminal.Kodwa ngaphambi koko, kufuneka wongeze amandla kwila38imodyuli.
Ila38Imodyuli yesiLawuli seMoto ye-DC inokudityaniswa kuyo nayiphi na imveliso yombane ye-DC ukuba umbane ungadluli kwi-45V.Ngokumalunga nokusebenziseka, kuya kuba lula ukusebenzisa ibhetri ye-9V kunye neplagi yeDC eqhagamshelwe kwiitheminali zamandla zemodyuli.
Kananjalo musa ukuba nexhala malunga neebhetri ze-9V zonakalise eyakhoumatshini wezixhobo.Ila38Imodyuli isebenzisa i-IC ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-MOSFET esebenza njengereyiti yamandla aphantsi, ibe yi-umbane okwethutyanaswitsha eyahlula izikhonkwane zakho kunikezelo lwamandla.
Ndingayithumela njani yangoku ukusuka kwiphini ukwenza i-DC motor spin?Makhe sijonge ngakumbi indlela esenza ngayo i-motor spin.
Ila38Imodyuli yesilawuli semoto isebenzisa ezininziumbane okwethutyanaiiswitshi ukulawula ukujikeleza motor.Unokucinga ngezi zitshintshi njengokutshintsha kodonga, ngaphandle kokuba abayisebenzisi iminwe yakho ukusebenza - basebenzisa i-3.3V ukusukaumatshini wezixhobo.
Kwaye kulapho GPIO.output(, GPIO.HIGH).Le yi GPIO.output(, GPIO.HIGH).Ukumisela le pin kwi-GPIO.HIGH kubangela ukuba le pin ikhuphe i-3.3V.Okuivula iswitshi, ivumela i-current ukuba ihambe ukuya kwi-motor.Umsinga ke ujikelezisa injini.Ukuphetshethwa ezi zikhonkwane kwi-GPIO.LOW icima iswitshi, esika amandla kwimoto.
Sinokutshintsha indlela yokujikeleza kwemoto ngokutshintsha indlela yangoku ngemoto.Yiyo loo nto sinezikhonkwane ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ukujikeleza kwemoto enye: ngasemva nangaphambili.Bayasebenzaumbane okwethutyanaiiswitshi macala omabini obonelelo lwamandla enjini, zikhokelela amandla phambili okanye ngasemva.
Okufanayo kuya kwisantya.Ngokungafaniyo nezikhonkwane zokuphuma zangaphambili kunye nezibuyisela umva, iphini yokuvula ilawula ubungakanani bamandla ahamba ngemoto nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ngokunyusa i-voltage kwi-turn-on-contact, iitshintshi zabo zivula "ububanzi" obuncinci kwaye zivumela ukuba i-current ihambe nge-motor.Ukwandisa amandla eenjini kwenza ukuba zijikeleze ngokukhawuleza.Ukunciphisa kubenza bacothe.
Kwiumatshini wezixhobo, sisebenzisa i-PWM okanye i-Pulse Modulation ukulawula i-voltage ephumayo yezikhonkwane.Ukwandisa umjikelo womsebenzi kuzisa amandla ombane aphezulu kufutshane ne-3.3V, kunye nokuwanciphisa ngokusondela kwi-0V.
Enyanisweni, unako "Cima” i-injini ngandlel’ ithile ngokuseta i-injini yenza i-pin ibe yi-0V.Yicinge into efana nemoto: izikhonkwane ezivumela ukuba zibonelele ngerhasi enika amandla iinjini, kwaye izikhonkwane eziya phambili nezingasemva zihambisa iigiya, zibavumela ukuba baye phambili okanye babuye ngasemva.
Ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke apho iikhoyili zazo ze-solenoid zikhoyo.I-DC brushed motor inekhoyili embindini ojikeleza phakathi kwesangqa semagnethi esisigxina.Iinjini ze-Brushless ze-DC zineentsimbi kwelinye icala - iikhoyili zazo ze-electromagnetic zijikeleze iimagnethi ezisisigxina.
Iinjini zokuqokelela zitshiphu kwaye zinentsebenzo entle ngesantya esiphantsi.Nangona kunjalo, bakholisa ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza kuneenjini ze-brushless kwaye banamandla amancinci.Kwelinye icala, iimotor ezingenabrush zinokufikelela kwizantya eziphezulu, zitshise kakhulu, kwaye zisebenzise amandla amancinci ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kuneenjini ezibrashwayo.
Ukuba usebenzisa injini ngaphakathi aumatshini wezixhoboIbhokisi yegiya yerobhothi, imoto ebrashiweyo kufuneka ibengcono.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenzisa i-motor engafakwanga njengefan yombane encinci, i-brushless motor kufuneka ibe ngcono.
Nangona oku kunokwahluka ngokomenzi, unokulindela i-2A yencopho yangoku ngemoto nganyela38imodyuli yomqhubi wemoto.
UTerence ngumntu othanda iirobhothi ozama ukwakha eyona irobhothi ibalaseleyo emhlabeni.Ukuba ebengakhange atshise ii-LED njengento yesibini yokuzilibazisa, ngeyithathe kwakudala le nto.
Udizo olunxulumeneyo.Ukwenza kube lula ukufumana iikhomishini kwiimveliso ezithengiweyo ngeekhonkco zethu zixhasa umsebenzi esiwenzela abafundi bethu.