Imifanekiso ekhutshelwe kwiwebhusayithi ye-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press Office iyafumaneka kwimibutho engenzi nzuzo, kumajelo eendaba, kunye noluntu phantsi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial No Derivatives License.Awunakukwazi ukuyiguqula imifanekiso enikiweyo ngaphandle kokuba inqanyulwe yaya kutsho kubungakanani obuchanekileyo.Ityala kufuneka lisetyenziswe xa udlala imifanekiso;ukuba ayidweliswanga ngezantsi, qhagamshela umfanekiso ku-“MIT”.
Abaphandi beMassachusetts Institute of Technology baye benza isixhobo esiphathwayo sokukhupha ityuwa esinobunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10 kg esisusa amasuntswana netyuwa ukuze kuveliswe amanzi okusela.
Isixhobo esilingana nesutikheyisi sisebenzisa amandla amancinane kunetshaja yefowuni kwaye sinokuthi sinikwe amandla yiphaneli yelanga ephathwayo encinci enokuthengwa kwi-intanethi malunga ne-$50.Ivelisa ngokuzenzekelayo amanzi okusela adlula imigangatho yeWorld Health Organization.Itekhnoloji ipakishwe kwisixhobo esisebenziseka lula esisebenza kwindawoukucofa iqhosha.
Ngokungafaniyo nabanye abenzi bamanzi abaphathwayo abafuna amanzi ukuba adlule kwisihluzo, esi sixhobo sisebenzisa umbane ukususa amasuntswana kumanzi okusela.Ukutshintshwa kwesihluzi akufuneki, ukunciphisa kakhulu imfuno yokugcinwa kwexesha elide.
Oku kunokuvumela iyunithi ukuba isasazwe kwiindawo ezikude nezinobutyebi obunobuxhakaxhaka obukhulu, njengoluntu olukwiziqithi ezincinci okanye kwiinqanawa zemithwalo ezikude nonxweme.Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda iimbacu ezibalekela iintlekele zemvelo okanye amajoni abandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yexesha elide yasemkhosini.
“Esi sisiphelo sohambo lweminyaka eli-10 kum nakwiqela lam.Ukutyhubela iminyaka besisebenza kwifiziksi emva kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha ityuwa emanzini, kodwa sibeka zonke ezi nkqubela phambili kwibhokisi, sakha inkqubo kwaye siyenza elwandle.Kube luncedo kakhulu kwaye kunamava avuzayo kum, "utshilo umbhali ophezulu uJongyoon Han, unjingalwazi wezobunjineli bombane, isayensi yekhompyuter, kunye ne-bioengineering kunye nelungu le-Electronics Research Laboratory (RLE).
UKhan wajoyinwa ngumlobi wokuqala uJungyo Yoon, u-RLE Fellow, u-Hyukjin J. Kwon, owayengumlingane we-postdoctoral, u-Sungku Kang, umlingani we-postdoctoral kwiYunivesithi yaseNortheastern, kunye ne-US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) u-Eric Braque.Uphononongo lupapashwe kwi-intanethi kwiphephancwadi iSayensi yeNdalo kunye neTekhnoloji.
U-Yoon ucacisile ukuba izityalo eziphathwayo zokukhupha ityuwa zidla ngokufuna iimpompo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuqhuba amanzi ngezihluzi, ekunzima ukuzinciphisa ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla eyunithi.
Endaweni yoko, isixhobo sabo sisekwe kubuchule obubizwa ngokuba yi-ion-concentration polarization (ICP), iqela likaKhan elathi laphayona kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo.Esikhundleni sokucoca amanzi, inkqubo ye-ICP isebenzisa intsimi yombane kwi-membrane ebekwe ngasentla nangaphantsi kwendlela yamanzi.Xa amasuntswana atyholwa kakuhle okanye kakubi, kubandakanywa iimolekyuli zetyuwa, iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, zidlula kwi-membrane, ziyagxothwa kuyo.Iinqununu ezihlawulisiweyo ziqondiswe kumlambo wesibini wamanzi, ekugqibeleni ukhutshwe.
Le nkqubo isusa izinto ezinyibilikayo nezimisiweyo, nto leyo evumela amanzi acocekileyo ukuba adlule kwimijelo.Ngenxa yokuba ifuna kuphela impompo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, i-ICP isebenzisa amandla amancinci kunezinye iteknoloji.
Kodwa i-ICP ayisoloko isusa yonke ityuwa edadayo embindini wejelo.Ke abaphandi baphumeza inkqubo yesibini ebizwa ngokuba yi-electrodialysis ukususa iiyoni zetyuwa eziseleyo.
UYun noKang basebenzisa umatshini wokufunda ukuze bafumane indibaniselwano egqibeleleyo ye-ICP kunye neemodyuli ze-electrodialysis.Ukuseta ngokufanelekileyo kubandakanya inkqubo ye-ICP yamanqanaba amabini apho amanzi adlula kwiimodyuli ezintandathu kwinqanaba lokuqala, emva koko ngeemodyuli ezintathu kwinqanaba lesibini, elilandelwa yinkqubo ye-electrodialysis.Oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngelixa usenza inkqubo yokuzicoca.
"Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ezinye iinqununu ezihlawulisiweyo zingabanjwa yi-membrane ye-ion exchange, ukuba zibanjiwe, sinokususa ngokulula iinqununu ezihlawulisiweyo ngokutshintsha nje i-polarity yentsimi yombane," uYun wachaza.
Baye banciphisa kwaye babeka i-ICP kunye neemodyuli ze-electrodialysis ukuphucula amandla abo okusebenza kunye nokuvumela ukuba bangene kwiiyunithi eziphathekayo.Abaphandi baye baphuhlisa isixhobo kubantu abangezongcali ukuba baqalise inkqubo yokukhupha ityuwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokucoca kunye njeiqhosha.Nje ukuba ityuwa kunye nokubalwa kwamasuntswana kuwele ngaphantsi kwemida ethile, isixhobo sazisa abasebenzisi ukuba amanzi alungele ukuselwa.
Abaphandi baye benza i-app ye-smartphone elawula isixhobo ngaphandle kwamacingo kwaye inika ingxelo yedatha yexesha langempela malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nobutyuwa bamanzi.
Emva kovavanyo lwaselabhorethri ngamanzi ahluka-hlukeneyo ngeqondo letyuwa kunye ne-turbidity (i-turbidity), isixhobo savavanywa ebaleni e-Boston's Carson Beach.
U-Yoon no-Kwon babeka ibhokisi ebhankini kwaye baphosa i-feeder emanzini.Emva kwesiqingatha seyure, esi sixhobo sazalisa ikomityi yeplastiki ngamanzi okusela acocekileyo.
“Ibivuyisa kakhulu kwaye isothusa into yokuba ibe yimpumelelo nakwisiqalo sokuqala.Kodwa ndicinga ukuba esona sizathu sempumelelo yethu kukuqokelelwa kolu phuculo luncinci sithe salwenza endleleni, ”utshilo uKhan.
Amanzi aphumayo adlula imigangatho yomgangatho we-World Health Organization, kwaye ukufakela kunciphisa inani lezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo ubuncinane ngamaxesha angama-10.Iprototype yabo ivelisa amanzi okusela ngesantya se-0.3 ilitha ngeyure kwaye idla kuphela i-20 watt-iiyure kwilitha nganye.
NgokukaKhan, enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ekuphuhliseni inkqubo ephathwayo kukudala isixhobo esinengqondo esinokusisebenzisa nabani na.
U-Yoon unethemba lokurhweba ngetekhnoloji ngokuqalisa aceba ukukusungula ukwenza isixhobo sisebenziseke ngakumbi kwaye siphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokusebenza.
Kwilebhu, uKhan ufuna ukusebenzisa izifundo azifundileyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kwimiba yomgangatho wamanzi ngaphaya kokukhutshwa kwetyuwa, njengokubhaqwa kongcoliseko olukhawulezileyo kumanzi okusela.
“Ngokuqinisekileyo yiprojekthi enika umdla kwaye ndiyazingca ngenkqubela esiyenzileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kodwa usemninzi umsebenzi ekufuneka wenziwe,” utshilo.
Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa "ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo eziphathekayo kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ze-electromembrane yindlela yokuqala kunye nenomdla yokukhupha amanzi kwi-grid encinci," imiphumo yongcoliseko, ngakumbi ukuba amanzi ane-turbidity ephezulu, inokunyusa kakhulu iimfuno zokugcinwa kunye neendleko zamandla. , uphawula uNidal Hilal, uNjineli kunye nomlawuli weZiko loPhando lwaManzi e-Abu Dhabi kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York, owayengabandakanyekanga kwisifundo.
“Omnye umda kukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibiza imali eninzi,” wongezelela."Kuya kuba ngumdla ukubona iinkqubo ezifanayo zisebenzisa izinto ezingabizi kakhulu."
Uphononongo luxhaswe ngemali inxalenye ye-DEVCOM Soldier Centre, i-Abdul Latif Jameel Water kunye neLebhu yeeNkqubo zoKutya (J-WAFS), i-Northeastern University Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme kwi-Experimental Artificial Intelligence, kunye ne-Ru Institute of Artificial Intelligence.
Abaphandi kwi-MIT's Electronics Research Laboratory baye baphuhlisa umenzi wamanzi ophathwayo onokuguqula amanzi olwandle abe ngamanzi okusela akhuselekileyo, ngokutsho kwe-Fortune's Ian Mount.UMount ubhala ukuba isazinzulu sophando uJongyun Khan kunye nomfundi ophumelele isidanga uBruce Crawford baseka iNona Technologies ukuthengisa imveliso.
Abaphandi kwiMassachusetts Institute of Technology "baphuhlise isixhobo sokukhulula ityuwa esidadayo simahla esibandakanya iileyiti ezininzi ze-evaporator ezibuyisa ubushushu ukusuka ekuxinaniseni komphunga wamanzi, okonyusa ukusebenza kwawo konke," uNeil Nell Lewis we-CNN uxela."Abaphandi bacebisa ukuba inokulungiswa njengephaneli edadayo elwandle, imibhobho yamanzi acocekileyo ukuya elunxwemeni, okanye inokuyilwa ukuba isebenzise indlu enye iyisebenzise kwitanki yamanzi olwandle," wabhala uLewis.
Abaphandi be-MIT baye baphuhlisa isixhobo sokuhambisa ityuwa esinobungakanani besutikheyisi enokuguqula amanzi anetyuwa abe ngamanzi okuselaukucofa iqhosha, unika ingxelo u-Elisaveta M. Brandon weNkampani yokuKhawuleza.Esi sixhobo sinokuba "sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubantu abakwiziqithi ezikude, iinqanawa zemithwalo ezingaphesheya, kunye neenkampu zeembacu ezikufutshane namanzi," utshilo uBrandon.
Intatheli yebhodi ye-Motherboard u-Audrey Carlton ubhala ukuba abaphandi be-MIT baphuhlise "isixhobo esingenasici, esiphathwayo sokukhupha ityuwa esisebenzisa imimandla yombane eyenziwe ngelanga ukujikisa amasuntswana ahlawuliweyo njengetyuwa, ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane."Ukunqongophala yingxaki ekhulayo kumntu wonke ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle.Asifuni ikamva elimfiliba, kodwa sifuna ukunceda abantu bakulungele.”
Isixhobo esitsha esiphathwayo sesolar-powered desalination esiphuhliswe ngabaphandi beMIT inokuvelisa amanzi okusela kwindawoukuchukumisa iqhosha, ngokutsho kukaTony Ho Tran weDaily Beast."Isixhobo asixhomekekanga kuzo naziphi na izihluzi ezifana nezamanzi eziqhelekileyo," uTran wabhala.Endaweni yoko, ikhupha amanzi ngombane ukuze kususwe izimbiwa, njengamasuntswana etyuwa, emanzini.